Cleanliness:  Tend to leave heavier oil residues on the machine tools (interior & exterior), work areas can be more dirty

Carry Off:  Tend to have more carry off with the chips, consumption can be higher than other coolant products.

Lubricity:  Depending on the formulation, they may have a very high amount of lubricity, capable or working on any metal.

Rust Protection:  Usually good.

Bio-stability:  Good

Foam:  Depending on the formulation, they can be foamy, especially in RO and DI water.

Appearance When Diluted:  Milk (may be dyed a color)

For Use In:  Heavy Duty/ Severe Applications

Cleanliness:  Tend to be very clean, depending on the formulation.  These products bridge the gap between soluble oil lubricity and synthetic coolant cleanliness.

Carry Off:  Tend to have far less carry off with the chips.  Consumption rates can be 20-50% less than some soluble oils.

Lubricity:  Depending on the formulation, they may have a very high amount of lubricity, capable or working on any metal.

Rust Protection:  Usually very good.

Bio-stability:  Good to Excellent

Foam:  Depending on the formulation, they can be very low foaming, even in high pressure systems and in RO and DI water.

Appearance When Diluted:  Milk (may be dyed a color)

For Use In:  Heavy Duty/ Severe Applications

Cleanliness:  Tend to be very clean, depending on the formulation.

Carry Off:  Tend to have far less carry off with the chips.  Consumption rates can be 20-50% less than some soluble oils.

Lubricity:  Depending on the formulation, they may have a moderate to high amount of lubricity, capable or working on almost any metal.

Rust Protection:  Usually good to excellent.

Bio-stability:  very good to excellent

Foam:  Depending on the formulation, they can be low foaming, even in high pressure systems and in RO and DI water.

Appearance When Diluted:  Clear or Milky (may be dyed a color)

For Use In:  Light Duty to Moderately Severe Applications

Cleanliness:  Tend to leave almost no residue.

Carry Off:  Tend to have very little carry off with chips.

Lubricity:  Depending on the formulation, they may have a fairly high amount of lubricity, capable or working on most metals.

Rust Protection:  Usually excellent.

Bio-stability:  Excellent

Foam:  Depending on the formulation, they tend to be extremely low foaming.  This makes them preferable in some grinding applications.

Appearance When Diluted:  Like Water (may be dyed a color)

For Use In:  Light Duty to some More Severe Applications

This family of metals includes cast iron, carbon steels, tools steels, and stainless steels.  The important issues to keep in mind with this group of metals (especially cast iron and carbon steels) are rust and cleanliness.  The right coolant choice for the application will greatly enhance the metal removal/ forming application.

Can very in hardness depending on the city and the location geographically.  Samples have to be taken prior to testing a coolant.  This can have a direct impact on the type of coolant to be chosen.  Sometimes the water can be of sufficient quality as to forgo a RO or DI water system.